Important Lectures

Lecture - 2 Passive Voice Transformation
Active Voice to Passive Voice

Dear Students,
There are many ways to learn the transformation from Active Voice to Passive Voice.

The methods are used as per Students' understanding level

Today The method Which is being used for your understanding is the easiest one.

Those students who have been struggling with tenses can go through this method to understand Conversion from Active Voice to Passive Voice.

For convenience of students who just get scared with the names of tenses as indefinite,continuous, perfect and perfect continuous. we are not going to use these names in this method.

we are using some tag or criterias 

Criteria - 1

No auxiliary verb + Present form 
it transform to 
Auxiliary (is, are, am) + Past Participle

Example
He plays cricket.
Cricket is played by him

Criteria - 2

No auxiliary verb + Past form 
it transform to 
Auxiliary (was, were) + Past Participle

Example
He played cricket.
Cricket was played by him

Criteria - 3

Auxiliary verb (Will / Shall) + Present form 
it transform to 
Auxiliary (will / shall)+ be + Past Participle

Example
He will play cricket.
Cricket will be played by him

Criteria - 4

Auxiliary verb (is, are, am, was, were) + Present Participle form 
it transform to 
Auxiliary (is, are, am, was, were)+ being + Past Participle

Example
He is playing cricket.
Cricket is  being played by him

He was playing cricket.
Cricket was  being played by him

Criteria - 5

Auxiliary verb (will/ shall)+ be + Present Participle form 
it transform to 
No Passive

Example
He will be playing cricket.
No Passive

Criteria - 6

Auxiliary verb (has, have, had, will have, shall have) + Past Participle form 
it transform to 
Auxiliary (has, have, had, will have, shall have)+ been + Past Participle

Example
He has played cricket.
Cricket has  been played by him

He had played cricket.
Cricket had  been played by him

He will have played cricket.
Cricket will have been played by him

Criteria - 7

Auxiliary verb (has, have, had, will have, shall have)+ been + Present Participle form 
it transform to 
No Passive

Example
He has been playing cricket.
No Passive

He have been playing cricket.
No Passive

He will have been playing cricket.
No Passive

Lecture- 1 Passive Voice Introduction

Dear students,

You might have heard "Active Voice" "Passive Voice" before we get through the rules and regulation of it. Let's me Ask you

What does "Active" means?

.

.

.

Yes, You are very right, The Word active means "Quick, Ajile. In Urdu we can say it as پھرتیلا"

Let me Ask you 

What does "Passive" means?

.

.

.

Indeed, Passive is the antonym of Active, It means "Lazy, Indolent. In Urdu we can say it as سست، کاہل، مریل"

As we have understood these two terms, Let me introduce to you one more word.

"Voice" it means to utter with the resonance of vocal cords 

or in farther meanings, it can be used as intonation, which means "The rise and fall of voice in speaking"

Now we can easily understand, "Active Voice" is the way, when someone speaks sharply, confidently and certain about the subject (Doer of the action).

While "Passive Voice" is the way, when the tone of a person is humble and he is so much concerned about  Object(the receiver of the action).

Let me quote some examples.

1- you left me alone 

 Concerned about doer of the action. Subject is addressed sharply, with confidence.

2- I was left alone

Concerned about the receiver of the action. The Tone is humble.

It means.

When we have doer of the action important we address it with active voice.

when we have receiver of the action important we address it with Passive Voice.

As we have clarified these two terms and their usage, Let us learn about their transformation

Active to Passive

........ coming soon

Assignment - Introduction of the essay 

"My Favorite Personality" 

This is highly encouraged you to submit the introduction for the essay

"My Favorite Personality"
(only introduction)

REMEMBER THE DETAILS DISCUSSED DURING THE CLASS DISCUSSION.

• Introduction of an essay is something general
• save the initial basic information for the first paragraph of the body of an essay
• To give a cutting edge to your essay introduce it with an appropriate quotation. connecting your topic
• The length of the introductory paragraph must be precise. it is recommended it should not exceed more than five or six lines in any case. that's the maximum.

SUMMARY WRITING SKILLS - THE ART TO SQUEEZE

Dear Students,

Let's talk about summary writing, it is also known as precis writing.

In Urdu language we know this term as 'khulasa' the Summary discusses only the important points of any script.

Dear students, 

Don't be confused in Summary and central idea. 

central idea discusses the theme or concept it do not carry the information from the passage. it discusses the background of it. 

like the Poem 'THE VOICE OF GOD'

The theme was 'Serving humanity is the service to God'

or

'God loves those who love his fellowmen'

it do not carry 

what happened in the poem? 

who did what?

what happened next?

what was the final outcome?

Summary is called the gist of the passage.

it carries all important points of the passage.

There are five points to focus on when writing a summary

let me discuss the procedure how can we write a good summary

first read the passage carefully and mark all important points. REMEMBER THESE POINTS WILL BE THE ONLY ONLY POINT OF CONCERN FROM THAN, ALL OTHER PARTS SHALL BE LEFT OR GO UN ATTENDED AFTER THAT SO BE CAREFUL

1. Mark all important points

Now you are going to read all these lines once gain and look for these three essential components if present

a direct speech

long list of words

examples / some specific matter that is discussed

now we device the following three steps to deal with all these.

2. Direct speech should be transformed into indirect speech

3. long list of words shall be given one word

for example,

pencil, ruler, erser, paper cutter, glue stick should be named as stationary items

4. generalization should be done for the examples. it is recommended to avoid examples as mush as possible.

Now

here comes the most essential point

5. All this shall be stated in your own words as much as possible and check for any thing that you have improvised / written yourself (own point of view) while stating it in your own words. 

Remember

Stating own point of view or saying something that is not the part of content is strictly prohibited. it spoils the whole content.

Dear Students,

summary writing is an art. it takes a lot more practice to master this art. I recommend you to write summary of every lesson you go through your SECONDARY STAGE ENGLISH BOOK 2 FOR X.

wishing you best of luck for your good summary writing experience.
post your questions in comments.